Healthcare encompasses a broad spectrum of services and practices aimed at promoting, maintaining and restoring health. It involves the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of illnesses, injuries and diseases, as well as the promotion of overall well-being. A complex web of stakeholders, including governments, insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, institutions and patients themselves, interact in the delivery of healthcare. Healthcare systems vary widely across different countries and regions, influenced by factors such as cultural norms, economic resources, political ideologies and historical developments. These systems can be classified into different models, including the Beveridge model, the Bismarck model, the National Health Insurance model and the out-of-pocket model. Every model has advantages and disadvantages and discussions about the most efficient and fair ways to provide healthcare to influence policy discussions all over the world.

One essential component of social justice and human rights is having access to healthcare. There are differences in healthcare service availability both within and between nations, frequently based on socioeconomic status, racial or ethnic background, gender, location and other variables. Initiatives to increase diversity in the healthcare workforce, enhance healthcare infrastructure, broaden the coverage of health insurance and advance health literacy and education are some of the ways that these disparities are being addressed. Developments in biomedical research, pharmaceuticals and medical technology have an impact on the provision of healthcare services. Numerous diseases and conditions now have better diagnosis, treatments and results thanks to these advancements. But they have also brought up moral and societal concerns about things like genetic testing, end-of-life care, patient privacy and the affordability of medical procedures.